Renato R. Repole, S.J. (“Eschatology and Ethics in Paul’s Letter to the Galatians”) discusses the problem of the Galatians sliding back into slavery under the law, i.e., requiring Gentile converts to submit to the requirements of the Torah such as circumcision. Paul addresses this issue by motivating the churches he founded in Galatia to live righteously and to work “for the good of all” (Gal. 6:10). He inspires them to live moral lives by reminding them of important eschatological realities such as the freedom which Christ has won for believers (Gal. 2:4; 5:1, 13), the presence and power of the Spirit they have received “by the hearing of faith” (Gal. 3:2), the justice which God metes out to those who “live in the flesh” (Gal. 6:12), the eternal life they will reap “at harvest time” (Gal. 6:8–9), and the “new creation” which has made the issue of circumcision or uncircumcision mute (Gal. 6:15; cf. 2 Cor. 5:17). Such an issue which divided the churches of Galatia and for which Paul wrote the letter no longer matters, “for in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything; the only thing that counts is faith working through love” (Gal. 5:6). – F. Ramirez (ed.)