Felipe Fruto Ll. Ramirez, S.J. (“Are the Allusions to Jacob and Moses in Hosea 12 Late Insertions?”) notes that the one and only evidence we have that some of the stories of Jacob and Moses already existed in the second half of the eighth century bce is Hosea 12. Various attempts to invalidate this evidence on the basis of poetic structure, vocabulary, grammar, typology of ideas, etc. prove to be unsatisfactory. On the contrary, the use of the binomial Israel/Jacob in eighth century prophetic writings as well as the gentilics Isaac and Joseph in Amos presumes the existence of patriarchal stories that explain the connection of these names to the northern kingdom. Moreover, Hosea’s allusion to an incident in Jacob’s life not found in Genesis may attest to an early period before the fixing of the patriarchal traditions in late Judean history. Hosea’s allusions to both patriarchal and Mosaic traditions may thus give us a good indication that the epic legend of Israel’s salvation history narrated in Genesis-Exodus was already beginning to take shape during his prophetic ministry in the eighth century. – from the Editor’s Preface

